Can Psychosis Ever Vanish for Good?

October 26, 2024
By Arch Recovery Center

Explore if psychosis ever goes away for good. Insights on recovery, treatment, and long-term outlook await!
Can Psychosis Ever Vanish for Good?

Understanding Psychosis

Definition and Symptoms

Psychosis is a term that describes a collection of symptoms, such as false beliefs or experiencing things that aren't real. When an individual has trouble distinguishing between reality and non-reality, they may be experiencing psychosis. Common symptoms include:

SymptomsDescriptionHallucinationsSensing things that aren't present, such as hearing voices or seeing things.DelusionsStrongly held false beliefs, such as feeling persecuted or having special abilities.Disorganized ThinkingDifficulty organizing thoughts, leading to incoherent speech and difficulty concentrating.Mood ChangesMood swings that can include overwhelming sadness or heightened emotional states.

Individuals may experience a variation of these symptoms that can significantly affect their daily life. It's essential to recognize these symptoms early, as timely intervention can lead to more effective treatment.

Causes of Psychosis

Psychosis can occur due to a variety of factors affecting the brain and body. These include mental health conditions, physical illnesses, and environmental influences. Some common causes are:

Understanding the various causes of psychosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment and management strategies. If an underlying condition is identified, effective intervention may lead to the resolution of psychotic symptoms.

Treatment Options for Psychosis

When addressing the question of whether psychosis ever goes away for good, understanding the treatment options available is essential. There are two primary approaches: medication and coordinated specialty care.

Medication for Psychosis

Antipsychotic medications play a crucial role in managing psychosis. They are generally the recommended treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The specific choice, dosing, and administration of these medications will depend on the unique circumstances and symptoms of the individual.

Antipsychotics are also effective in treating the psychotic symptoms associated with drug-induced psychosis, mania, delirium, and even features of certain types of depression and dementia. The effectiveness of medication can vary, and it's essential for individuals to work closely with healthcare professionals to find the right medication and dosage.

Medication TypeTypical Use CasesEfficacyAtypical AntipsychoticsFirst episode of psychosis, schizophreniaSuperior tolerability and lower discontinuation rates (PubMed Central)Typical AntipsychoticsEstablished cases of psychosisEffective, but less preferred for first-line treatment

Coordinated Specialty Care

Coordinated specialty care (CSC) represents a multi-faceted approach that facilitates a collaborative treatment environment for individuals experiencing psychosis. This method emphasizes shared decision-making among specialists, patients, and their families. Research indicates that such coordinated care leads to more effective treatment outcomes, particularly when initiated early after the onset of psychotic symptoms [2].

CSC typically includes various elements:

The overall goal of coordinated specialty care is to provide a supportive network that not only addresses the symptoms of psychosis but also fosters a constructive and empowering environment for recovery. Individuals can explore how support groups can aid your recovery as part of their coordinated care plan.

Recovery Process

Early Intervention Importance

Early intervention plays a vital role in the recovery process for individuals experiencing psychosis. Research indicates that a delay in treatment can significantly affect long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, the average gap between the onset of symptoms and treatment in the United States is approximately three years [4]. This delay can lead to permanent changes in the brain, impacting its function and structure over time [4].

Early intervention is especially critical in acute cases where patients may develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Studies have shown that prompt treatment can greatly improve clinical outcomes. Addressing psychosis early not only aids in symptom management but can also significantly enhance the individual's overall recovery journey.

Impact of Early InterventionDescriptionImproved OutcomesEarly diagnosis can lead to better treatment responses.Reduced Long-Term EffectsMinimizing the duration of untreated psychosis may prevent lasting brain changes.Quicker Access to ResourcesEarly treatment allows for timely access to support and therapy.

Stages of Recovery

The recovery process from psychosis can typically be broken down into several stages, each with its own challenges and milestones. Understanding these stages can help individuals and their supporters navigate the journey effectively.

Understanding the stages of recovery can facilitate a smoother transition and better outcomes for individuals asking, "does psychosis ever go away for good?" Each stage is an important part of the overall recovery journey, emphasizing the need for ongoing support and intervention.

For additional insight on how recovery processes can be enhanced, see our topics on how support groups can aid your recovery and importance of aftercare in the substance use recovery process.

Long-Term Outlook

Understanding the long-term outlook for individuals experiencing psychosis is essential. Factors such as recovery statistics and the various elements influencing recovery play significant roles in determining outcomes.

Recovery Statistics

Research indicates that a portion of individuals who experience psychosis will have different recovery outcomes. Approximately 25% of people who develop psychosis will never have another episode, while around 50% may have multiple episodes but can lead normal lives [5].

The table below summarizes these statistics related to psychosis recovery:

Recovery OutcomePercentageNever have another episode25%Have more than one episode50%

Psychosis can be effectively treated, and many individuals make satisfactory recoveries, often reporting an eagerness to resume normal life.

Factors Influencing Recovery

Several factors can impact the recovery journey for those who have experienced psychosis. These include:

Recovery from psychosis is a deeply individual journey, and the degree of functional improvement can vary significantly among individuals. Understanding these statistics and factors can offer hope to those wondering, "does psychosis ever go away for good?"

Impact of Delayed Treatment

Delaying treatment for psychosis has significant implications for recovery and long-term outcomes. Both the harmful effects of delay and the benefits of timely intervention play critical roles in shaping an individual's recovery journey.

Harmful Effects of Delay

Research indicates that prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with reduced treatment response across various symptoms. The more extended the delay in treatment, the greater the risk of experiencing worse symptoms overall. This relationship is curvilinear, meaning that treatment response deteriorates rapidly at first and continues to worsen gradually as the DUP extends.

The following table illustrates the impact of DUP on treatment response:

Duration of Untreated PsychosisImpact on Treatment Response1 weekModerate decline in response3 weeksSignificant decline in response6 weeks or moreDeterioration continues, with long-term impacts on symptom severity and recovery potential

Evidence shows that delaying treatment not only impacts symptoms but also leads to poorer social functioning and quality of life, lasting for two years or longer post-presentation [10]. Early intervention is critical for preventing these negative outcomes.

Benefits of Timely Treatment

Timely treatment for psychosis is essential for optimizing recovery and improving overall quality of life. Engaging in treatment shortly after the onset of symptoms can significantly enhance outcomes. Evidence suggests that addressing psychosis early can mitigate the severity of symptoms and lead to a more favorable prognosis.

Immediate intervention can result in:

By treating psychosis without delay, individuals are more likely to experience complete recovery and minimize the risk of chronic mental health issues.

The ramifications of delaying treatment for psychosis highlight the importance of early intervention initiatives. Addressing psychosis swiftly not only aids in immediate symptom relief but is also vital for long-term recovery outcomes. This emphasizes the necessity for individuals and families to seek treatment as soon as symptoms appear.

Practical Strategies for Recovery

Achieving recovery from psychosis involves a multifaceted approach that includes collaboration and support, as well as effective lifestyle and medication management. These strategies are essential for individuals seeking to understand whether psychosis ever goes away for good?.

Collaboration and Support

Collaboration among professionals, the individual experiencing psychosis, their family, and support networks plays a vital role in enhancing recovery outcomes. A supportive team can help individuals navigate their recovery journey effectively. Key aspects of collaboration include:

According to the Early Psychosis Intervention Ontario Network, effective recovery strategies enhance mental wellness and increase the likelihood of a fulfilling life despite challenges.

Lifestyle and Medication Management

An individual's lifestyle choices significantly impact their recovery process. Making informed decisions can lead to better outcomes. Key considerations include:

The recovery journey is personal and varies for each individual, encompassing changes in attitudes, values, and skills. This transformation leads individuals toward a satisfying and hopeful life, despite any limitations caused by the illness, as highlighted by the Early Psychosis Intervention Ontario Network.

By combining collaboration and support with effective lifestyle and medication management, individuals can navigate the complexities of recovery from psychosis more successfully. This comprehensive approach enhances resilience and empowers individuals to reclaim their lives.

References


[2]:

[3]:

[4]:

[5]:

[6]:

[7]:

[8]:

[9]:

[10]:

Recent articles

The Benefits of Nature Therapy in Addiction Recovery

The Benefits of Nature Therapy in Addiction Recovery

January 16, 2025

Harnessing Nature's Healing Power for Addiction Recovery

How to Build a Sober Social Life

How to Build a Sober Social Life

January 16, 2025

Reinventing Your Social Life Beyond Alcohol

Understanding the Emotional Rollercoaster of Early Recovery

Understanding the Emotional Rollercoaster of Early Recovery

January 16, 2025

Navigating Emotions on the Path to Sobriety

Managing Anger and Emotional Outbursts in Recovery

Managing Anger and Emotional Outbursts in Recovery

January 15, 2025

Navigating Anger and Emotional Challenges on the Path to Recovery

Understanding the Different Levels of Care in Addiction Treatment

Understanding the Different Levels of Care in Addiction Treatment

January 15, 2025

A Comprehensive Guide to Addiction Treatment Levels

The Role of Continuing Education in Building a New Life After Addiction

The Role of Continuing Education in Building a New Life After Addiction

January 15, 2025

Education as a Pathway to Renewal and Empowerment

3 Things to Know Before Dating an Addict

3 Things to Know Before Dating an Addict

January 14, 2025

Navigating Love with Awareness and Empathy

Explanation of Hydrocodone vs Oxycodone

Explanation of Hydrocodone vs Oxycodone

January 14, 2025

Unraveling the Differences: Hydrocodone vs. Oxycodone

Chris Herren's Inspirational Talk

Chris Herren's Inspirational Talk

January 14, 2025

The Journey from Addiction to Advocacy: Chris Herren Speaks Out

Do I Have Alcoholic Parents?

Do I Have Alcoholic Parents?

January 13, 2025

Understanding How Parental Alcoholism Affects Families

Cognitive Consequences of Methamphetamine Addiction

Cognitive Consequences of Methamphetamine Addiction

January 13, 2025

Unveiling the Brain's Battle with Methamphetamine

Relationships in Recovery

Relationships in Recovery

January 13, 2025

Navigating Interpersonal Connections on the Road to Sobriety

Weed Addiction Treatment

Weed Addiction Treatment

January 10, 2025

Understanding and Addressing Cannabis Addiction

Six Common Roles of the Family Members of Addicts

Six Common Roles of the Family Members of Addicts

January 10, 2025

Exploring Family Dynamics in Addictive Households

Decriminalization of Drugs Decreases Addiction Rates

Decriminalization of Drugs Decreases Addiction Rates

January 10, 2025

Exploring the Impacts of Drug Decriminalization on Addiction Trends

3 Things to Give Up in Recovery Besides Drugs and Alcohol

3 Things to Give Up in Recovery Besides Drugs and Alcohol

January 9, 2025

Beyond Substances: Key Changes for Recovery

Someone Called Me a Functioning Alcoholic

Someone Called Me a Functioning Alcoholic

January 9, 2025

Understanding the Complexity of High-Functioning Alcoholism

How to Break Sugar Addiction Naturally

How to Break Sugar Addiction Naturally

January 9, 2025

Conquer Sugar Cravings Naturally and Embrace Health

Causes of Prescription Pill Abuse

Causes of Prescription Pill Abuse

January 8, 2025

Unraveling the Epidemic of Prescription Pill Abuse

I Loved Getting High – Why Did I Change?

I Loved Getting High – Why Did I Change?

January 8, 2025

Exploring the Journey from Euphoria to Anxiety with Cannabis

How to Cure Afrin Addiction

How to Cure Afrin Addiction

January 8, 2025

Breaking Free from Dependency on Afrin Nasal Spray

Exploring the Scope of Drug Abuse, Addiction and Treatment

Exploring the Scope of Drug Abuse, Addiction and Treatment

January 7, 2025

Unraveling the Complex World of Substance Use Disorders

Rehab: Is 30 Days Effective?

Rehab: Is 30 Days Effective?

January 7, 2025

Exploring the Efficacy and Challenges of 30-Day Rehab Programs

Prescription Opioid Abuse Causes

Prescription Opioid Abuse Causes

January 7, 2025

Exploring the Complex Roots of Prescription Opioid Misuse

Substance Use Abuse and Chemical Dependency

Substance Use Abuse and Chemical Dependency

January 6, 2025

Overcome substance use abuse and chemical dependency to reclaim your life. Discover effective treatments for a brighter future.

Identifying Effective Addiction Treatment Centers

Identifying Effective Addiction Treatment Centers

January 6, 2025

Explore the qualities of effective addiction treatment centers and find the right path to lasting wellness.

NCAA Gambling Concerns

NCAA Gambling Concerns

January 6, 2025

Navigating the Complex World of NCAA Sports Betting

Economic Effects of Alcohol and Drugs

Economic Effects of Alcohol and Drugs

January 6, 2025

Exploring the Financial Costs of Substance Abuse on Society

Examining the Deadliest Effects of Drugs

Examining the Deadliest Effects of Drugs

January 6, 2025

Explore the deadliest effects of drugs, from overdose risks to long-term health consequences. Stay informed.

The Addictive Potential of Melatonin

The Addictive Potential of Melatonin

January 6, 2025

Is melatonin addictive? Discover the truth about melatonin use, safety, and its effects on sleep.

Anger is a D Word

Anger is a D Word

January 6, 2025

Explore why "anger is a d word" and learn to manage triggers for healthier relationships and mental wellness.

Types of Mental Illnesses Leading to Addiction

Types of Mental Illnesses Leading to Addiction

January 6, 2025

Discover the link between mental illness and addiction. Explore types of mental illnesses that lead to addiction and available treatment options.

The Alarming Consequences of Leaving Drug and Alcohol Rehab Early

The Alarming Consequences of Leaving Drug and Alcohol Rehab Early

January 6, 2025

Don't risk it! Discover the alarming consequences of leaving drug and alcohol rehab early. Stay on the path to recovery.

Substance Use vs. Mental Health in Focus

Substance Use vs. Mental Health in Focus

January 6, 2025

Discover the intertwined relationship between substance use and mental health. Uncover treatment approaches and strategies for co-occurring disorders.

How Substance Use Can Lead to Mental Illness

How Substance Use Can Lead to Mental Illness

January 6, 2025

Unveiling the dangerous duo: How substance use fuels mental illness. Explore the link between addiction and mental health.

Decoding Alcohol Use versus Alcoholism

Decoding Alcohol Use versus Alcoholism

January 6, 2025

Unravel the difference between alcohol use vs. alcoholism, its risks, and its impact on diverse populations.

The Essential Guide to Detoxification

The Essential Guide to Detoxification

January 6, 2025

Discover what detox is and explore essential methods, benefits, and myths in this comprehensive guide.

Shedding Light on the Remarkable Benefits of Drama Therapy

Shedding Light on the Remarkable Benefits of Drama Therapy

January 6, 2025

Discover the benefits of drama therapy, its innovative techniques, and its impact on mental health care.

Can Drug Misuse Cause Bipolar Disorder to Develop?

Can Drug Misuse Cause Bipolar Disorder to Develop?

January 6, 2025

Exploring the link between drug misuse and bipolar disorder. Can drug misuse trigger bipolar development? Find out now!

Smoking Alcohol Trend

Smoking Alcohol Trend

January 6, 2025

Unpacking the Dangerous Allure of Smoking Alcohol

Slip vs. Relapse: Understanding

Slip vs. Relapse: Understanding

January 6, 2025

Decoding Setbacks in Addiction Recovery

The Story of Cindy: “Girl Talk” By Dr. Carol Langlois

The Story of Cindy: “Girl Talk” By Dr. Carol Langlois

January 6, 2025

Exploring the Depths of Cindy's Journey in Dr. Carol Langlois's 'Girl Talk'

Gaming Addiction Treatment

Gaming Addiction Treatment

January 6, 2025

Understanding and Overcoming the Challenges of Gaming Addiction

Seek the Sober Life

Seek the Sober Life

January 6, 2025

Achieving a Fulfilling Life Through Sobriety

How Long Does It Take to Break a Nicotine Addiction

How Long Does It Take to Break a Nicotine Addiction

January 3, 2025

Understanding the Journey of Quitting Nicotine

Drinking and Pregnancy

Drinking and Pregnancy

January 3, 2025

Understanding Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and its Implications

Common Signs of Cocaine Use

Common Signs of Cocaine Use

January 3, 2025

Identifying the Indicators of Cocaine Use

Alcohol Addiction Treatment Near Me

Alcohol Addiction Treatment Near Me

January 2, 2025

Finding the Right Path to Recovery from Alcohol Addiction

Stages of Addiction Recovery

Stages of Addiction Recovery

January 2, 2025

Understanding the Journey Through Addiction Recovery

The Opioid Epidemic and Drugs in America

The Opioid Epidemic and Drugs in America

January 2, 2025

A Deep Dive into America's Ongoing Addiction Crisis

Reese Witherspoon DUI Incident

Reese Witherspoon DUI Incident

January 2, 2025

A Closer Look at Reese Witherspoon's 2013 Arrest

Plugging the Hole

Plugging the Hole

January 1, 2025

Exploring the Diverse World of Hole Plugging

Supporting Loved Ones in Recovery

Supporting Loved Ones in Recovery

January 1, 2025

Guidance for Families on Supporting Addiction Recovery

The Effects of Alcohol Are Ruining My Family

The Effects of Alcohol Are Ruining My Family

January 1, 2025

Exploring the Far-Reaching Consequences of Alcohol Misuse on Family Dynamics

Where Are the Best Drug Rehab Centers

Where Are the Best Drug Rehab Centers

December 31, 2024

Exploring the Best Options for Drug Rehabilitation

Talk to Your Kids About Drugs Without Talking About Your Own Drug Use

Talk to Your Kids About Drugs Without Talking About Your Own Drug Use

December 31, 2024

Navigating Drug Conversations With Your Children Effectively

A Drug Abuse Definition Might Help Me Decide to Get Help

A Drug Abuse Definition Might Help Me Decide to Get Help

December 31, 2024

Understanding Drug Abuse: Why Definitions Matter

Women's Prescription Painkiller Deaths

Women's Prescription Painkiller Deaths

December 30, 2024

Escalating Crisis of Opioid-Related Deaths Among Women

Self Injury Awareness Day

Self Injury Awareness Day

December 30, 2024

Highlighting Self-Injury Awareness and Support

Student Opioid Addiction Rehab

Student Opioid Addiction Rehab

December 30, 2024

Understanding Rehabilitation Options and Challenges

Three Features of the Best Drug Rehab Centers

Three Features of the Best Drug Rehab Centers

December 27, 2024

Key Elements of Leading Drug Rehab Centers

Origin of Addiction

Origin of Addiction

December 27, 2024

Unraveling the Complex Web of Addiction's Origins

How to Stop Video Game Addiction

How to Stop Video Game Addiction

December 27, 2024

Understanding and Addressing Video Game Addiction

Living Up to Your Full Potential

Living Up to Your Full Potential

December 27, 2024

Unlocking the Path to Your True Potential

Senate Bill 1180 – What You Need to Know

Senate Bill 1180 – What You Need to Know

December 27, 2024

Exploring the Complexities of Senate Bill 1180

Senate Bill 1180 – What You Need to Know

Senate Bill 1180 – What You Need to Know

December 27, 2024

Exploring the Complexities of Senate Bill 1180

The Rehab Definition

The Rehab Definition

December 27, 2024

Understanding the Meaning and Contexts of Rehab

Sugar Addiction Treatment

Sugar Addiction Treatment

December 27, 2024

Unlocking the Path to Recovery from Sugar Dependency

NFL Painkiller Controversy

NFL Painkiller Controversy

December 27, 2024

Unpacking the NFL's Painkiller Predicament

Three Krokodil Effects

Three Krokodil Effects

December 27, 2024

Uncovering the Alarming Impacts of Krokodil Abuse

Crack vs Coke Cocaine

Crack vs Coke Cocaine

December 27, 2024

Understanding the Distinctions and Implications of Crack and Powder Cocaine

Dangerous Xanax Withdrawal Symptoms

Dangerous Xanax Withdrawal Symptoms

December 27, 2024

Understanding the Hazards of Xanax Withdrawal

How to Stop Drug Addiction

How to Stop Drug Addiction

December 27, 2024

Breaking Free: Strategies and Support for Overcoming Drug Addiction

Ryan Braun PED Suspension

Ryan Braun PED Suspension

December 27, 2024

Ryan Braun's Journey from MVP to Controversial Suspension

5 Important Facts You Should Know About An Alcohol Rehab Center

5 Important Facts You Should Know About An Alcohol Rehab Center

December 27, 2024

Exploring Key Insights About Alcohol Rehab Centers

Addiction Recovery Ribbon Color

Addiction Recovery Ribbon Color

December 27, 2024

The Symbolic Spectrum: Understanding Addiction Recovery Through Color

Alarming Drug Trafficking Statistics & Facts Exposed

Alarming Drug Trafficking Statistics & Facts Exposed

December 23, 2024

Unveiling alarming drug trafficking statistics & facts: Uncover global trends, challenges, and social implications.

Various Forms of Eating Disorders Exposed

Various Forms of Eating Disorders Exposed

December 23, 2024

Explore different types of eating disorders, their impact, symptoms, and treatment options in this enlightening article.

How to Stop Sex Addiction

How to Stop Sex Addiction

December 20, 2024

Overcoming the Grip of Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Steps and Solutions

How to Stop Internet Addiction

How to Stop Internet Addiction

December 20, 2024

Tackling Online Dependency: Steps Towards Digital Wellbeing

How to Keep a Grip on Early Recovery – 3 Guidelines to Guarantee Success

How to Keep a Grip on Early Recovery – 3 Guidelines to Guarantee Success

December 20, 2024

Mastering the Art of Early Recovery: Three Essential Strategies

What Is Dual Diagnosis Treatment?

What Is Dual Diagnosis Treatment?

December 20, 2024

Understanding Dual Diagnosis Treatment: An Integrated Approach to Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

Nicotine Addiction Treatment

Nicotine Addiction Treatment

December 20, 2024

Comprehensive Approaches to Beat Nicotine Dependence

The 5 Most Common Drug Interactions

The 5 Most Common Drug Interactions

December 20, 2024

Understanding the Risks and Effects of Common Drug Interactions

Risk and Protective Elements Influencing Drug Usage

Risk and Protective Elements Influencing Drug Usage

December 20, 2024

Understanding the Dynamics of Drug Use: Risks and Protections

What Is THC?

What Is THC?

December 20, 2024

Delving into the Core of Cannabis' Psychoactive Component

Introspection in Recovery

Introspection in Recovery

December 20, 2024

Exploring the Power of Introspection in the Journey to Recovery

The Benefits of Rehabs in PA

The Benefits of Rehabs in PA

December 20, 2024

Exploring Pennsylvania's Rehab Advantages

Why Is Drug Overdose Happening Everywhere?

Why Is Drug Overdose Happening Everywhere?

December 20, 2024

Understanding the Expansive Drug Overdose Crisis in America

10 Ways on How to Avoid Drug Addiction

10 Ways on How to Avoid Drug Addiction

December 20, 2024

What Is Mental Illness?

What Is Mental Illness?

December 20, 2024

Understanding the Complexity of Mental Health Disorders

Get Help for Loved Ones at Heroin Addiction Rehab

Get Help for Loved Ones at Heroin Addiction Rehab

December 20, 2024

Guiding Loved Ones Through Heroin Addiction Recovery

What Does the Bible Say About Drug Addiction

What Does the Bible Say About Drug Addiction

December 20, 2024

Exploring Biblical Teachings on Substance Abuse

What Is the First Step Toward Getting Treatment for Alcohol Addiction?

What Is the First Step Toward Getting Treatment for Alcohol Addiction?

December 20, 2024

Initiating the Path to Alcohol Addiction Recovery

How to Get Rid of Alcohol Addiction Fallout 76

How to Get Rid of Alcohol Addiction Fallout 76

December 20, 2024

Effective Approaches to Combat Alcohol Addiction in Fallout 76

How Can Routine In Recovery Help You Or A Loved One?

How Can Routine In Recovery Help You Or A Loved One?

December 20, 2024

The Transformative Power of Routines in Addiction Recovery

Recovery During the Holidays

Recovery During the Holidays

December 20, 2024

Navigating Sobriety Through the Festive Season

How to Stop Soda Addiction

How to Stop Soda Addiction

December 20, 2024

Breaking Free from Fizz: Effective Strategies to Quit Soda

I Live in Trenton, NJ and Need Cocaine Addiction Treatment

I Live in Trenton, NJ and Need Cocaine Addiction Treatment

December 20, 2024

Local Solutions for Cocaine Addiction Recovery in Trenton

How to Stop Alcohol Addiction

How to Stop Alcohol Addiction

December 20, 2024

Breaking Free from Alcohol: Strategies and Support